Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) help improve the quality of air in indoor spaces, contributing to healthier, more comfortable environments. In the U.S., annual spending on HVAC services and system replacements amounts to around $14 billion, according to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); this reflects the HVAC & Refrigeration industry’s significance in our daily lives and in the economy.
For those looking to learn how to become an HVAC contractor or subcontractor, the career path involves specialized training, relevant skills, practical experience, and certifications.
What Does an HVAC/R Contractor Do?
HVAC contractors are responsible for maintaining optimal indoor temperatures and air quality, responsibilities that require an understanding of the intricacies of installing, maintaining, and repairing HVAC/R systems. Various types of HVAC/R units include furnaces, boilers, air conditioners, heat pumps, and refrigeration systems. Below are some responsibilities of an HVAC contractor.
Installation
The mechanics and technicians who work HVAC contractors install heating and cooling systems in new buildings and homes. They carefully assess spaces and determine the appropriate size and capacity of the systems. They may also need to install or update ductwork, wiring, and pipes.
Maintenance
Regular maintenance is key to keeping HVAC & Refrigeration systems operating at peak performance and using energy efficiently. HVAC contractors conduct routine inspections, clean air filters, check refrigerant levels, and uncover potential issues before they become big problems.
Repairs
HVAC contractors are called upon to diagnose and repair HVAC systems that malfunction. They troubleshoot issues, replace faulty parts, and restore the systems to working condition.
Steps to Become an HVAC Contractor
Below are key steps on the path to become an HVAC contractor.
Step 1: Complete a Training Program to Become an HVAC Technician
A formal college degree is not required to enter the career field to become an HVAC contractor. However, completing a formal HVAC & Refrigeration program education program at a technical or trade school can provide a solid foundation of knowledge and skills. These programs typically cover topics such as electrical systems, refrigeration principles, heating systems, and air conditioning technology.
Step 2: Develop Key HVAC/R Skills
Success as an HVAC contractor goes beyond mechanical aptitude; it demands a grasp of HVAC/R systems, including how their components interconnect.
Diagnosing issues quickly and accurately requires not only familiarity with these elements but also a deep understanding of electrical and mechanical principles. Therefore, HVAC professionals must be able to interpret wiring diagrams and have the skill to follow detailed blueprints and construction specifications. This knowledge base is essential for effective problem-solving and meeting job requirements.
Precision is crucial in HVAC work. The ability to pay close attention to details helps ensure that HVAC contractors perform installations and repairs correctly. HVAC contractors often interact with clients directly, so strong communication and interpersonal skills help ensure excellent customer service.
Step 3: Gain HVAC Work Experience
Starting in HVAC with an apprenticeship offers hands-on experience under the guidance of seasoned technicians that evolves from observation to active participation and responsibility. Apprentices typically progress over three to five years, amassing 2,000 to 3,000 hours of practical experience, with licensure requirements varying by state. Experience gained throughout entry-level stages paves the way to midlevel positions, in which professionals may supervise teams, manage schedules, and handle recruitment.
Step 4: Obtain Certifications
Certifications are vital for demonstrating expertise and credibility as someone who wants to an HVAC contractor. While requirements vary by state or region, obtaining certifications is generally recommended and may be mandatory in some areas. Below are some of the most recognized HVAC certifications.
EPA 608 Certification
The EPA 608 certification is required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for handling refrigerants. It demonstrates an individual’s knowledge of proper refrigerant handling and disposal procedures.
NATE Certification
Offered by North American Technician Excellence (NATE), the NATE certification validates an HVAC professional’s skills in the installation, maintenance, and repair of HVAC systems. It covers various specialty areas, allowing individuals to specialize in various aspects of HVAC work.
ASHRAE Certifications
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) sets global heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC-R) standards and offers certifications recognizing specialized knowledge and skills in various aspects of the HVAC-R industry. The certifications require distinct qualifications and experience.
Manufacturer-Specific Certifications
Many HVAC equipment manufacturers offer certifications that focus on their products. These certifications can enhance your expertise in working with particular brands and equipment.
Step 5: Continue Professional Development in HVAC
The HVAC sector is constantly advancing, especially as many state codes change their energy efficiency requirements. Individuals looking to become an HVAC contractor can benefit from staying up to date with evolving technologies and methods. Continuous professional development can include participating in industry events, such as conferences, workshops, and seminars, and regularly consulting industry trade organizations, publications, and digital platforms.
Job Outlook for HVAC Contractors
The job outlook for those in the HVAC sector is promising, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), which projects growth of 6% from 2022 to 2032 for heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanic and installer roles. The growth rate, faster than the average for all occupations, is attributed to the increasing need for energy-efficient climate control systems and the replacement of older systems with newer, more efficient models.
Prepare for a Fulfilling Career in the HVAC Industry
For those passionate about mechanical systems, problem-solving, and the latest HVAC technologies, the HVAC training programs at Fortis provide the essential training to excel as an HVAC contractor. Students enrolled in one of the programs learn how to use computerized diagnostics for managing and troubleshooting ventilation systems. They also get hands-on exposure to service and repair refrigeration units, gas heaters, heat pumps, and air-conditioning systems.
Explore how Fortis can set you on a path in the skilled trades where you can become an HVAC contractor dedicated to ensuring safe, healthy, and comfortable conditions in residential, commercial, and industrial settings.
Recommended Readings
HVAC Technician: Job Description, Requirements, and Outlook
Benefits of Trade School: Why a Hands-On Skilled Trades Career Might Be a Good Fit
HVAC vs. Electrician: Comparing Career Paths